Samadhi is a central concept in Buddhism, often translated as “concentration,” “meditative absorption,” or “unification of mind.” It is a state of deep meditative awareness, where the mind is focused, calm, and unified, and an essential element on the path to enlightenment. Samadhi is one of the components of the Noble Eightfold Path, specifically the element of “Right Concentration” (Sammā-samādhi).
There are different levels and types of samadhi, often categorized into two main groups: samatha (tranquility) and vipassana (insight) meditation. Samatha aims to calm and stabilize the mind, while vipassana develops insight into the true nature of reality.
In samatha meditation, practitioners develop samadhi by focusing their attention on a single object or concept, such as the breath or a mantra. Through this concentrated focus, the mind becomes more still and stable, leading to deep states of mental absorption known as jhanas. These jhanas are characterized by increasing levels of concentration, bliss, and equanimity.
Vipassana meditation, on the other hand, aims to cultivate insight into the true nature of reality, focusing on the three marks of existence: impermanence (anicca), unsatisfactoriness (dukkha), and non-self (anatta). As the practitioner gains insight into these universal characteristics, they develop a profound understanding of the interconnected and ever-changing nature of reality, leading to wisdom and ultimately, enlightenment.
In Buddhism, samadhi is not an end goal but a means to an end. It serves as a tool for cultivating mindfulness, wisdom, and eventually, full liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) known as Nirvana.
